Graphic cards are the internal devices that render(or draw) the images on the screen. now if your asking what images, then your definitely need to research more. Games work by outputting frames(images) per second just like a video player plays a video. the major difference here is that the video player has the data ready and know what the next frame is, whereas the game has some idea about the next frame, but doesnt know it before the player does something to tell the computer what to show him. game needs to draw the frame individually. these things require very complex calculations all done by the processor or CPU of the computer majorly. some minor calculations and graphic based calculations are done by the GPU. GPu is the graphic processing unit. it is the main thing required for smoother video playback and ultimate close to reality gaming. the latest GPUs come with complex specifications and it may be hard to know what the real performance of the card is.
your question about 1GB 2 GB is related to Graphic card storage. 1 gb means 1 billion memory locations to store 8 bits of data, maybe one character(a,b,c,d....etc). now when the game or video needs frames, it may guess what the next frame is or may know what the next frame is. at this time it need to store this frame. these frames are typically of large size owing to the latest half HD (720P) and Full HD(1080p) resolution and pixel concentration. these frames are stored on the graphic card for easier and faster access.
also you must know that typical videos have 30-60FramePerSec and games of low quality have 100 fps and higher end games may have 30-60. game frames depends greatly on the GHz and Video memory(1gb 2gb etc). also the Resolution affects this. CPU speed also grealty affects this.
if i need to say in simple terms, 1 ghz is 1giga calculations per second.
obviously 1GHZ is faster than 700MHz, but sometimes this may not be true.
but there seems to be a good deference between the manufacturers of the Laptop systems. Sony undervolts the cards, passing lesser voltage to the card thus reducing performance, I am living with it now. Dell on the other hand performs very well.
the easiest method to choose the right card for you is to check out what games you will play and check out the benchmarks of that card for your system. and read reviews about them.
(i did not know about Battlefield 3 and now im suffering with 12-23FPS with a great system, only coz i chose Sony.)
in the end performance also depends on the game itself. some games are Extensively CPU intensive, and some GPU intensive and some both.
to know more about benchmarks, go to notebookcheck.com.
in short, to have a great gaming experience, you need to have minimum 30 FPS, and recommended 60-70 if its a First person shooter. for this to happen, you'll need atleast 1-2 GB graphic ram of the latter releases(GPUs), for the now famous games. for the future i would recommend buying some 2-3 gb GPU but also faster one. how to check the speed is to read many many reviews and look for benchmarks. if the latest and i mean THE latest games are running at good frames, then you'll be solid for another 2-3 years . Maximum
my system:
CPU
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Intel i5 Sandy bridge at 2.40 Ghz maximum 3Ghz
System
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Manufacturer Sony Corporation
Model VPCCB35FN
Total amount of system memory 8.00 GB RAM
System type 64-bit operating system
Number of processor cores 2
Storage
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Total size of hard disk(s) 466 GB
Disk partition (C:) 36 GB Free (156 GB Total)
Disk partition (D:) 6 GB Free (12 GB Total)
Disk partition (E:) 45 GB Free (297 GB Total)
Media drive (F:) CD/DVD
Graphics
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Display adapter type AMD Radeon HD 6630M
Total available graphics memory 4819 MB
Dedicated graphics memory 1024 MB
Dedicated system memory 0 MB
Shared system memory 3795 MB
Display adapter driver version 8.850.5.3000
Primary monitor resolution 1920x1080
DirectX version DirectX 10
Network
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Network Adapter Bluetooth Device (Personal Area Network)
Network Adapter Atheros AR9485WB-EG Wireless Network Adapter